---
title: "Sequencer-mediated large public ceremony"
description: "Sequencer-mediated large public ceremony: Ceremony design pattern. The architecture behind the largest ceremony run to date: a published specification plus a…"
type: "option"
url: "https://zkpick.com/ceremony/sequencer-ceremony/"
section: "04 Running or reusing a trusted setup"
authors:
  - "MarketComp"
publisher: "MarketComp"
version: "1.3"
updated: "2026-09-12"
license: "CC-BY-4.0"
json: "https://zkpick.com/data/ceremony/sequencer-ceremony.json"
---

*By MarketComp. Updated 2026-09-12. Version 1.3. CC BY 4.0.*

# Sequencer-mediated large public ceremony — *Ceremony design pattern*

> Sequencer-mediated large public ceremony: Ceremony design pattern. The architecture behind the largest ceremony run to date: a published specification plus a sequencer that authenticates participants, serves state over an API, verifies contributions and appends them. Maturity: Completed and published; not maintained. Maintained by: Ethereum Foundation (KZG ceremony specification and sequencer). Choose it when: Organisations designing a large, public, browser-based ceremony who want a battle-tested reference architecture and verification-client model.

The architecture behind the largest ceremony run to date: a published specification plus a sequencer that authenticates participants, serves state over an API, verifies contributions and appends them. More than ten independent client implementations were produced against the specification.

**Strengths**

- Demonstrated at a scale no other setup has reached
- Independent client implementations directly mitigate correlated implementation bugs
- Two independent audits before the run — of the specification and of the sequencer
- The specification is openly licensed, so the design can be reused without friction

**Tradeoffs**

- Heavy: a sequencer, anti-sybil authentication, a frontend and months of coordination
- The sequencer is a central coordinator with censorship and liveness power
- The published spec is tailored to one SRS shape, not a general-purpose framework
- Frozen reference rather than maintained software

**Choose it when:** Organisations designing a large, public, browser-based ceremony who want a battle-tested reference architecture and verification-client model.

Maintained by: Ethereum Foundation (KZG ceremony specification and sequencer) · Maturity: Completed and published; not maintained · License: CC0-1.0 (specification) · Source: https://github.com/ethereum/kzg-ceremony