{
  "type": "option",
  "name": "Sequencer-mediated large public ceremony",
  "slug": "sequencer-ceremony",
  "section": {
    "id": "ceremony",
    "number": "04",
    "title": "Running or reusing a trusted setup",
    "url": "https://zkpick.com/ceremony/"
  },
  "url": "https://zkpick.com/ceremony/sequencer-ceremony/",
  "markdown": "https://zkpick.com/md/ceremony/sequencer-ceremony.md",
  "category": "Ceremony design pattern",
  "summary": "Sequencer-mediated large public ceremony: Ceremony design pattern. The architecture behind the largest ceremony run to date: a published specification plus a sequencer that authenticates participants, serves state over an API, verifies contributions and appends them. Maturity: Completed and published; not maintained. Maintained by: Ethereum Foundation (KZG ceremony specification and sequencer). Choose it when: Organisations designing a large, public, browser-based ceremony who want a battle-tested reference architecture and verification-client model.",
  "description": "The architecture behind the largest ceremony run to date: a published specification plus a sequencer that authenticates participants, serves state over an API, verifies contributions and appends them. More than ten independent client implementations were produced against the specification.",
  "notes": [],
  "sections": [],
  "strengths": [
    "Demonstrated at a scale no other setup has reached",
    "Independent client implementations directly mitigate correlated implementation bugs",
    "Two independent audits before the run — of the specification and of the sequencer",
    "The specification is openly licensed, so the design can be reused without friction"
  ],
  "tradeoffs": [
    "Heavy: a sequencer, anti-sybil authentication, a frontend and months of coordination",
    "The sequencer is a central coordinator with censorship and liveness power",
    "The published spec is tailored to one SRS shape, not a general-purpose framework",
    "Frozen reference rather than maintained software"
  ],
  "bestFit": "Organisations designing a large, public, browser-based ceremony who want a battle-tested reference architecture and verification-client model.",
  "maintainers": "Ethereum Foundation (KZG ceremony specification and sequencer)",
  "maturity": "Completed and published; not maintained",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "source": "https://github.com/ethereum/kzg-ceremony",
  "facts": [],
  "relatedFailureModes": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "ethereum/kzg-ceremony — transcript, FAQ, audits, independent verifiers",
      "url": "https://github.com/ethereum/kzg-ceremony",
      "kind": "transcript"
    }
  ],
  "updated": "2026-09-12",
  "version": "1.3",
  "canonical": "https://zkpick.com/ceremony/sequencer-ceremony/",
  "authors": [
    "MarketComp"
  ]
}